The Challenge Posed to Children's Health by Mixtures of Toxic Waste: The Tar Creek Superfund Site as a Case-Study
In the United States, many of the millions of tons of hazardous wastes that have been produced since World War II have accumulated in sites throughout the nation. Citizen concern about the extent of this problem led Congress to establish the Superfund Program in 1980 to locate, investigate, and clean up the worst sites nationwide. Most such waste exists as a complex mixture of many substances. This article discusses the issue of toxic mixtures and children's health by focusing on the specific example of mining waste at the Tar Creek Superfund Site in Northeast Oklahoma.
aDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Room 1518, Vaughan Building (SPH-I), 109 S. Observatory St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
bDepartment of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Center West, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA
cChanning Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Corresponding author. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Rm 1518 Vaughan Building (SPH-I), 109 S. Observatory St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029.
The work for this publication was made possible by grant number P42-ES05947 and P01 ES012874 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH and from a STAR Research Assistance Agreement No. RD-83172501 awarded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It has not been formally reviewed by either the NIEHS or EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of either the NIEHS or the EPA. Neither NIEHS nor the EPA endorses any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication.
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